Ethical Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Ethical Decision Making Essay This is to bring to your kind notice that recently we have received a report from the quality assurance department regarding the toy collection which has been recently been made for elementary schools for our South American client. The toys made did not pass the quality check as it includes a metal whistle, which contains high percentage of led which is highly harmful for the children. The shipment needs to be left by the end of the week. There are three different alternatives that I would like to propose: Firstly, we should send the toys neglecting the quality report. This is not an ethical alternative as we are ignoring the quality report of the toys; this decision will highly impact the health of the children. Also, it is disadvantage of company in terms of financial and legal consideration because It is illegal sending unhealthy/uncertified thing as a brand new toy without notifying customer. Advantage is: This alternative would enable us to send the order on time and would save the cost to reproduce the toy. It is going to be advantage of company. Company has to do something in long term process. You can send the product and neglect the quality but if other part realized this issue, you will be lose your credit. Significant thing is realizing that it is going to disadvantage of company. Maybe your advantage will be saving money but it is going to just for this time. 100% make sure that they will realize this issue and give negative feedback about you. I want to give nice example about this situation. Last year Toyota Company called all its customers and informed that there is something wrong with new released cars` breaks. It needs to be fixed as soon as possible. It is fact that Toyota lost millions dollar but he saved his all customer and gain respect from all over the world. People saw that if any product goes wrong with this company they will be informed. This is important example for company that neglecting quality is going to earn you nothing. Your product is your responsibility. Ethics involves the community politics at the level of values–not just what can be achieved or how to achieve it, but more what should be fairness. Ignoring customers and neglecting quality is not the ethical way Secondly, we must reproduce and repack the toy collection with the assured quality and send to the customer. This alternative will lead to extend of the delivery of the toy to the customer and will entail the cost of $100000. This way is the best one. It will have some temporary disadvantages but you will get customers` respect. They will see that you are behind of your product and giving guarantee. It will cost huge money to company and some negative effects of extend deliver time but as I said in previous section best companies choose this way to satisfy their customers. Definition of ethic is: being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice, especially the standards of a profession. Breaking the profession is not ethical Way. This method is the ethical way you inform the company about your products and asking for extra time to reproduce. The last option is to cancel the order. This will affect the relationship with the customer. Also, it will affect the company negatively for future orders because since you cancel the order last minutes, your value on customer is going to be negative because time is money and company lose time because of you. Additionally, possible that they can post negative feedback about your company on website and it is going to very negative idea about your company on existed or new customers. Advantage is customers will see that this company does not sell any unhealthy or uncertified products. Also, selling unhealthy product is illegal and possible company may sue you. It will cost you thousands dollar. I mean it can affect you negatively in terms of financial. Customer maybe not going to buy anything from you again but they will see that you are producing brand new quality product. Possible they will refer you to other customers since you are behind of your product. Among the three alternatives, the best option is to choose on reproduce the toys again. Social Responsibility refers to operating a business in a manner that accounts for the social and environmental impact created by the business. It means a commitment to developing policies that integrate responsible practices into daily business operations. Social responsibility is not just about managing, reducing and avoiding risk, it is about creating pportunities, generating improved performance, making money and leaving the risks far behind. High performance workplaces that integrate the views of line employees into decision-making processes It is an ethical ideology that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. This responsibility can be passive, by avoiding engaging in socially harmful acts, or active, by performing activities that directly advan ce social goals. Businesses can use ethical decision making to secure their businesses by making decisions that allow for government agencies to minimize their involvement with the corporation. (Kaliski, 2001) Company has responsibility to produce quality product and spread it to market area. When company makes decisions, it should be long term decisions. Those steps must be considerate: Improving interpersonal communication. Differentiate the decision conditions of certainty, risk, and uncertainty. Understand why managing is a synonym for decision-making. Though it will entail huge cost but it will help in making the decision ethically and will build a strong relationship with the client and the company will have a stand in the market. The decision needs to taken considering ethical constraint and ethical issues. Report: Codes of ethics are in part designed to protect practitioners against charges of malpractice, for practitioners who practice within these accepted guidelines can use them as some creditable measure of defense in cases of accused malpractice. Generally in legal cases, a practitioners behavior is judged by comparing it to the behavior expected of other practitioners in the same profession and in similar situations in accordance with accepted standards of practice. This reflects the community standard, which is what practitioners actually do, as opposed to the ethical standard of what they should do. Compliance with the code of ethics establishing ethical (not merely actual) standards of practice has some measure of validity in legal proceedings. When faced with an ethical conflict it benefits practitioners to think in terms of formal codes of ethics as providing the first (but not the last) line of assistance in the decision-making process. Responding to Siebers conditions that result in ethical problems, and acknowledging that they may share similarities, several writers have developed models for ethical problem solving and decision making. Tymchuk (1981) developed procedural guidelines that can be used as an ethical decision-making model. The model begins with a thorough description of the situation and involves obtaining information from all relevant sources including the parties involved, sources in the literature, and collegial consultation. From the information that has been obtained the critical issues involved are ferreted out and defined. The codes of ethics or other professional guidelines may be helpful in seeking a possible resolution. These guidelines may include state or federal guidelines or laws, licensing statutes and other educational and resource material such as published case studies that are similar to this situation. This process may not provide the right answer and might expose contradictory information; however, failure to find and acknowledge appropriate policies may have consequences later. With this additional information, evaluation of the rights, responsibilities, and welfare of all affected parties (including the community and the profession) may be assessed. When the issues have been defined and the affected parties identified, alternative decisions regarding each issue may proceed. This should proceed without regard to feasibility; the decision not to make a decision should also be included at this time. This process is analogous to a brainstorming session where ideas are generated and judgment is reserved for a later stage. This allows for the development of an array of options, possibly including the best-fitting one of all. Allowing for the possibility of each decision is followed by critical evaluation of the consequences of each proposed action and the time and resources necessary to effect each decision. The consequences should also be viewed from the standpoint of both short-term and long-term effects and their relevance to all parties identified. Benefits of a code of ethics: A code of ethics is a very important part of an organizations Social Responsibility. A code of ethics is a set of rules or moral guidelines that define and govern principles and actions in an organizational environment. Ethical behavior is beneficial for everyone because it protects the interests of the company or organization and the interests of everyone who comes into contact with the organization. Mutual Respect and Integrity: A code of ethics promotes an environment of respect based on integrity. When people know the code of ethics and follow it, this creates an atmosphere of trust, respect and confidence in the actions of each person involved in the organization or group. In the presence of a written code of ethics, employees at a company, for instance, are expected to behave a certain way toward each other and toward customers Trust and Honesty: Another benefit of a code of ethics is trust. Rules promote trust, especially when they are followed consistently. Management, who take the code of ethics seriously, gains the trust of their fellow employees. Those who work for the organization know that they will be protected in any situation Responsibility: When people take responsibility for their actions, everyone benefits. Responsibility is accountability and honesty, and holding yourself accountable promotes these good character traits in others who see them in you. This helps to create a cohesive and productive work force Code of Ethics Analysis: A code of ethics holds the mutual respect, honest, time, profession accountable to the public. If all employees commit to following a common code of ethics, it will produce mutual respect, honest and coherence among coworkers and organizations. I want to approach the situation with an example below: Presently Nokia is the world’s largest mobile telephone device manufacture. It is the most admired brand, ranking 5th position. Initially Nokia started as pulp industry in 1865 then in next 100 years it emerged as a powerful industrial conglomerate. The purpose of code of ethics for Nokia is to deter wrongdoing as well as promoting the standard of good corporate practices in the industry. The code of Ethics of the company applied to its CEO, President, CFO and Corporate Controller. The code of conduct of the company reveals that it aspires towards becoming the most aspired and loved brand in the world by considering not just what the company does but also how it does. The code of ethics of Nokia sets its approach towards ethical and sustainable business practices which is based mainly on the high ethical standards. The company respects and promotes human rights as well as fair workplace practices, equal employment opportunities, sustainable business in accordance with the environment and lastly zero-tolerance policy towards bribery and corruption. As the company products are technologically driven, so the user requirements are highly volatile. Nokia has to keep the pace and satisfy the consumer . There is always a progressive and continuous increase in customer involvement with technology and communications globally. The corporate practices of the company includes honest and ethical conduct, ethical handling of conflicts of interest, fairly and timely disclosures regarding all necessary information including the effectiveness of company’s control and procedures, compliance with laws and regulations of the state in which it is operating, and reporting of illegal as well as unethical behavior by any official of the company. When we look at the top companies, they always based mainly on the high ethical standards Importing thing is taking most improving companies as an example and implement their nice ideas in our companies. Finally, the probability of the actual occurrence of any of the identified consequences should be carefully weighed. Following the above process to completion results in as full a disclosure as is possible pertaining to the facts and circumstances relevant to the situation. Based on this, a decision is rendered. Ideally, this information (decision) should be shared with all parties involved to the extent possible. The decision that needs to be taken should highly focus on ethical issues and constraints.

Censorship :: essays research papers

Censorship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. But today, that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere are working to remove both books and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain books from public schools, to censor and silence magazines and newspapers, and to limit controversial books and periodicals to the general public. The suppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. Books and periodicals are not the only things being suppressed by pressures to the political and social systems. They are also being brought against the educational system, films, radio, television, and against the graphic and theater arts. Censorship occurs often in todays society, much of which is justifiable, but in some cases is simply unnecessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Obscenity? Obscenity is difficult to honestly discuss. After all, what makes a thing obscene? It is something too vague to be defined. People often see things differently. Some see obscenity in nude pictures, statues, paintings, etc. While others find less obscenity in these things. This is where the discrepancy is found between what should and should not be censored.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The world is filled with obscene things. And it would seem that parents are just trying to protect their children from the outside world. But does it really help? My friends sister was upset with her parents for raising her in such a sheltered environment. When she went away to college, she got a taste of what the real world was really like. These days, an average elementary school student knows many things. They are influenced by a wide range of sources, from television and other forms of media, their environment at home and school, to their personality and background. What they read does not necessarily mean that they will follow it. Literature is a valued source of knowledge for these children, and should not be held back. So rather than applying full censorship, it should be made an age-related censorship. Many complaints were issued about the immaturity of the readers. Younger children should be prevented from borrowing material intended for an older age group. Controversial materials should still be held for special order, available on request, or under a section for parents and teachers who can decide for themselves whether the material is suitable or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of censorship is a notable effort to clean up society, but can be over used in areas where it does not apply. Our world is not perfect. We live in a world filled with violence, sex, racism, etc. Certain literature like hard-core pornography should be censored to the general public.

Analysis of Oroonoko Essay

Oroonoko is a man who symbolizes honor and love. The nameless narrator is also a believer of Oroonoko’s stand. The narrator on the first part of the story talked of the place of Surinam as a very beautiful place. Behn tries to attract the reader to continue reading the story by giving the details of the place with all its plants and animals. The culture of the people is also a part of the first stage of the story. Oroonoko is the story of the African Prince named Oroonoko and of his love Imoinda. They were captives of the British’ they were brought to Surinam as slaves. The story is set in South America. The narrator became a friend of the Prince Oroonoko anh his love, Imoinda. The narrator wrote the account as Oroonoko gave his story. The British colonists did not use the natives to work on the plantations. They look for slaves to work on these, so they got slaves from Africa. The narrator after giving an account of the place, Surinam, the next location of the story is Coramantien, now known as Ghana, found in the western coast of Africa. Coramantien is the place where the Prince Oroonoko will meet his wife, Imoinda. The king who is a hundred years old is the grandfather of Oroonoko. The hardship of Oroonoko starts when his love, Imoinda is also the attraction of the king. The king falls for Imoinda. Being the king he sends the royal veil to Imoinda, that the beautiful girl cannot refuse. The royal veil signifies she is now the wife of the king. Imoinda now stays in the Otan or the royal seraglio, a place where only the king can visit. Aboan, a friend of the Prince helps him to go into the otan. Aboan keeps Onahal one of the senior wives who teaches the new wives how to make love to the king and how to deal with everything with regard to the king. Oroonoko is caught but he flees. Although Imoinda is sold to slavery, the king tells Oroonoko that Imoinda is honorably put to death. Oroonoko sells slaves who are captives from war. The British trade for slaves in Coramantien. The Captain of the vessel invites Oroonoko and friends to be the guests, as they ride their vessel. Little did Oroonoko know that he was now a slave. When they learned they were slaves, Oroonoko and friends refused to eat, the Captain promises them freedom upon the vessel’s arrival in Surinam, but when they reach the place, Oroonoko is sold to Mr.  Terfry. He is a very well-mannered man and a very intelligent overseer of the Parham Plantation. It is in this moment that the narrator meets the prince. Mr. Terfry befriends Oroonoko. Both Mr. Terfry and the narrator assured to Oroonoko they will be set-free upon the arrival of the lord-governor Willoughby in Surinam. Oroonoko is never sent to work. He resides away from the rest of the slaves, because of his social status, his education and good looks were taken into consideration. One day as Mr. Terfry and Oroonoko are walking, Oroonoko sees the love of his life, Imoinda. Oroonoko holding on to his promise not to fall in love to any other woman except Imoinda felt so happy when they saw each other. They embrace each other, got married later and Imoinda now pregnant. Due to Imoinda’s pregnancy Oroonoko is bothered that his child will be born a slave. Despite of the promises of Mr. Terfry and the narrator that everything will be fine when the lord-governor arrives in Surinam. They diverted Oroonoko’s attention by letting hi go to fish, hunt and visit the other natives in the nearby villages. Together with the other natives Oroonoko stage a revolt on a Sunday as the white were drunk. The group of Oroonoko was easily traced as the group left a trail. Oroonoko’s group wanted to go back to Africa once they find a ship, but they planned to settle near the shore while they were looking for a ship. The narrator still gets an account of the event despite of fleeing. Byam, the deputy-governor talked to Oroonoko to surrender and promised him amnesty. The deputy-governor lied as Oroonoko was brutally-whipped when he surrenders. His wounds were powdered with pepper. Oroonoko now feels, he will never be a freeman together with his family. Oroonoko tells Imoinda of his plan to kill her and revenge against Byam and will kill himself. Imoinda thanks his husband of her honorable death. Oroonoko cuts the throat of Imoinda. Finally Imoinda dies. Oroonoko had no strength after the death of Imoinda. He was so depressed to stand and take revenge to Byam. The stench of the dead body of Imoinda brings Byam’s men to the site. Byam’s men now set out to kill him. Oroonoko stood his ground. He was killed standing stoically, smoking his pipe as the killers chopped him to death. The story tells of a very brave man, a man of valor despite of his color and race. Oroonoko is a man of dignity and honor. He never broke a promise especially with regards to his heart. Nowadays, a man like Oroonoko is hard to find. The writer wanted to impart to her readers that Oroonoko will be the symbol of a man of valor and honor. He stood his love till the last drop of his love. Every woman wants to have Oroonoko for her love. Oroonoko not only held on to his love but also stood for his people. The many readers of this story feel that the writer was a racist by heart, but for me she only used this as a facade to the story to make you feel pity for the oppressed. That the Africans despite of their race and color they still hold-on to their values. The story was made in the 17th century but up to this time you could still feel the oppression belonging to the lower class. Oroonoko wants us to be aware of our principles and values. We as good citizens of our countries should not be corrupted by anybody. Oroonoko had been betrayed so many times almost by all the characters but still he held on. He was also betrayed by Imoinda when she chose the old king instead of Oroonoko. Oroonoko was called Caesar by the whites, maybe because of his gallant stand during war. Although he was treated not a free man they still called him Caesar. He was called Caesar but was not free to do what he wanted. Despite off all the misdeeds of the whites, Oroonoko still respected the colonists and he also respected the slaves. Due to his greatness in battle, the whites were also scared when Oroonoko staged a revolt together with the other natives. Oroonoko is disappointed that there is no justice and honor for slaves in the west. The writer described Oroonoko’s group as very noble. They were slaves but the narrator did not do anything to help them. During the event of the escape of Oroonoko and the natives the narrator also fled. The narrator left them behind. This could have been the best time to help them. Also Byam promised amnesty but Oroonoko was tortured upon his surrender. The narrator coul have negotiated for Oroonoko and the slaves. The narrator used â€Å"we† to be a member of the slaves but she was not able to do anything to help them. She fled in time when Oroonoko and the natives tried to escape from captivity. The writer wanted to let the readers give value to the qualities that Oroonoko had. This time many do not give value to honor, love and promises. They keep a vow now soon to be forgotten. Despite of the racial discrimination, Oroonoko did not give in to what the colonists wanted, he stood his ground bravely. Especially for his love Imoinda. Imoinda was wife to the king still Oroonoko married her and loved her till death. If Oroonoko could only be alive now, he would still be so in love with Imoinda. Oroonoko would be the man of his generation and even still be the man of this generation. References http://fiction.eserver.org/novels/oroonoko/ http://www.english.ucsb.edu/faculty/warner/courses/w00/engl30/Oroon1.html http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/oroonoko/shortsumm.html http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/oroonoko.html

Essay on Intellectual Disability - 2319 Words

Question 1: Who are the students in this group? In the United States, 4.9% of the population is considered intellectually disabled. In other words, from a base population of 287,572,700 people, 14,144,300 of them have an intellectual disability. In the state of South Carolina, 5.6% of the population has an intellectual disability. This means from a base population of 4,311,200, an estimated 242,600 are considered to have an intellectual disability. This survey included all ages, races, all genders, and all education levels (â€Å"Disability Statistics†). Intellectual disability is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This covers many social and practical skills used in everyday life. This†¦show more content†¦The range of severity of an intellectual disability varies with each individual. Children may take longer to learn common tasks such as speaking, dressing, or eating. Some individuals with intellectual disabilities may b e able to live independent lives without extra support. A few have lifelong limitations in functioning and will need paid supports their entire lives. Early intervention and appropriate education play a large role in developing someone with an intellectual disability to be able to lead independent lives in the community (â€Å"Intellectual Disability† The Arc). Intellectual disability is diagnosed using IQ tests and standardized tests of adaptive behaviors. Other factors must be considered in these tests to limit bias. The context of community environments, such as an individual’s age, peers, and cultures, must be taken into account when analyzing limitations in functions. The assessments must also be aware of and taken into account cultural and linguistic diversity. Finally the goal of the determining limitations to develop a profile of needed supports so that through a personalized program, over time, the individual will improve (â€Å"Intellectual Disability† The Arc). There is no cure for intellectual disability. However, services and plans are available. These may include case management, family support, vocational programs, specialShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Impairment And Intellectual Disability1319 Words   |  6 Pageshaving an intellectual impairment or intellectual disability (The Arc). People who have these conditions are rarely given the same opportunities as people who don’t, and because of this, many very talented individuals go unnoticed and never reach their full potential. In a time where one to three percent of Americans have this disability, this is an issue that affects almost everyone either by knowing someone who has it or by knowing someone who is affected by it. People with intellectual impairmentsRead MoreChildren With An Intellectual Disability1556 Words   |  7 Pageswhen overcoming certain challenges and obstacles in their lives. Jo began explaining what it was like having a child with an intellectu al disability from early on. When Jody was born, Jo and his wife were given to option of whether or not they wanted to keep him. During this time, it was something that was not uncommon for parents with children that were born with a disability to be asked. Several of these parents had the choice of whether or not to keep and raise their children or the child couldRead MoreChildren With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1673 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically children with intellectual disabilities (ID) were taught in segregated schools. 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