The Shepard’s Keeper :: Essays Papers

The Shepards KeeperThroughout time there has been at least one constant that I am alive(predicate) of. That constant is art. One particular piece of art stands out and catches the eye. That piece of art is The Shepherdess and Her Flock constructed and perfected by Jean Francois Millet. When one makes a authentic judgment on a piece of art, one must be precise and certain about that judgment. When observing Millets piece I impart take in to consideration three things to make my judgment use of color, theme, and meaning. The Shepherdess and Her Flock catches the eye truly quickly. The painting consists of a shepherdess tending to her sheep in about remote hills perhaps and most likely in Western Europe. The shepherdess herself is standing just a few paces ahead of her flock while they are every last(predicate) grouped together tightly apparently feeding. She is holding a staff while studying the ground. The look on her face makes her seem like she is maladjusted for som e unknown reason. The shepherdess is wearing many articles of clothing. Her first layer is blue and reaches down to her ankles. The next layer appears to be some kind of shawl. The shawl is cream dark and only reaches just past her waist. The final piece of clothing is red and only covers her head. The grass beneath the shepherdess, which covers the entire land, has bald spots and contains dandy lions give it great character. This is the grass on which the flock is feeding on. Watching over the sheep is a shepherd dog stand just to the right of the flock. The dog stands very proudly and has a great pride in his job. The toss out in this work is covered entirely with clouds. The only bare spot in the sky is at the very top of the painting where the clouds begin to split. Millets work appears to be set early in the morning. Looking beyond the flock as far as the painting will allow, one can see some hills and trees and perhaps a small village or town. This painting is enkindle with beauty and style and elegance. Millet comes to the edge of perfection is his work, The Shepherdess and Her Flock. When an artist creates a piece, in this case a painting, the artists must take into consideration the colors that he/she uses.

With You Until The End Essay -- Oscar Wilde The Devoted Friend Essays

With You Until The End1. The flooring, The Devoted Friend, is a lesson to be learned. It shows how one sight manipulate as well as how one can be manipulated. It also shows just how far some people will go for a friend. In this case, Hans gave up taking care of his tend to help a true friend and died doing so. Author Oscar Wilde gives good detail of the characters and sets up conflicts within the piece to emphasize on the theme, a devoted friend is one that is with you, and will do anything for you, until the very end. 2. In the opening scene of the story a a few(prenominal) minor characters are introduced, including the narrator, the Green Linnet, a little bird with tiny wings. The narrator tells this story to a water-rat, an old rat with bright, beady eyes and corpse grey whiskers. He felt it pertained to the rat because of how critical the rat was being of the pure white mother duck that had bright red legs. All she was act to do was teach her children, who looked like little yellow canaries, how to fit into society and the rat was making rude comments. 3. As the Linnet told the story, he told about Hans, a little man with a funny, round, good humored face. Hans had a very kind heart and was an extremely devoted friend. This was proven throughout the story in him neglecting his garden to help his dearest friend, Hugh the Miller. The Miller was a big man who was fairly well off, he had a hundred sacks of flour, six cows, and a flock of sheep. He took great advantage of Hans because Hans believed they were best friends and the Miller often reminded him of that. The Miller used guilt to manipulate Hans into doing whatever he call for done, without ever returning the favor. 4. The nip throughout the story is ... ...t have Hans doing things for him, he was taking from Hans garden his most beautiful flowers and best fruits. 10. The second most obvious conflict in the story was Thought versus Action. Hans was continuously thinkin g how much attention his garden needed and by helping the Miller he would be neglecting his garden, yet he always did exactly what the Miller asked of him without hesitation. The Miller also knew exactly how to manipulate Hans by using guilt, and he put that into action every time he needed something done for him. 11. The Devoted Friend was a perfect example of how much friendship office to some and how little it means to others. It showed how easy it was to manipulate others and be manipulated by others. But, the most important thing it showed was just how far a person would go to help a friend even though it means sacrificing many things.

Women Deserve the Same Rights as Men Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

Women Deserve the Same Rights as Men From the beginning of quantify, females engage played a powerful usance in the shaping of this world. They have stood by idly and watched as this country moved on without them, and yet they have demanded equal rights as the nation rolls along. through and through the years the common opinion has been that women could not perform as well as men in anything, but over the years that belief has been proven wrong time and time again. So as time marches on, women have clawed and fought their way up the ladder to gain much mandatory equal respect from the opposite sex. However, after many years of pain and suffering, the battle for equal rights has not yet been won. Since women have fought for a long time and proven their importance in society, they merit the same rights as men. Before women can prove they too deserve the same rights as men, they must firstborn put to rest the myths and beliefs of their status in this country. This my th of the female status in the United States, and in most other places in the world, has always been the same. It is the belief that women should be in the kitchen, taking care of the kids, and the house, amongst other beliefs. However, in todays society, this is considered ludicrous. For instance, in her essay, Aint I a Woman? Sojourner Truth delivers a powerful message and addresses the issues of women in the society. She argues that women should have equal rights, because they can do the same things as men. For example she says, ?That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place anywhere. Nobody helps me into no carriages, or over no mud puddles, or gives me any best place? (348). She, then, con... ...t women do not deserve the same rights as men, is not really a man, but instead a sad pitiful little boy who is a poor confession of a life form. A real man would never disrespect a woman, because disrespecti ng the rights of any woman is just as disrespecting the rights of one?s make mother. They have fought long and hard and now they should get the equal rights which they rightly deserve. Works CitedRich, Adrienne. ?What Does a Woman Need to Know The Presence of Others 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and flush toilet J. Ruszkiewicz. New York St. Martin?s, 2002. 65-71Truth, Sojourner ?Ain?t I a Woman The Presence of Others 3rd ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York St. Martin?s, 2002. 348-349The United States Declaration of Independence www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/declaration/decmain.html

The 2nd Vatican Council Essay -- History Religion Catholic Religious E

The 2nd Vati place Council Starting with the First Council of Nicaea in 325 the Catholic church building established a tradition of ecumenical Council meetings to help decide on and shape the future of the Church. The most recent Council, called Vatican II, is considered to be both the largest ever in scope and also the most ground breaking in the make out of change it yielded. The changes in doctrine, dogma and procedure they enacted had major effects both inside and outside the Catholic Church and continue to today. Before the Vatican II the Catholic Church was an aging dinosaur, still crippled by the Reformation and unable to relate to contemporary man. It emerged from it a modern Church, tolerant and accepting of other religions, sociable to the laity and ready to grip with this age of reason over faith. I contend that the Vatican II council, while not being perfect or by chance as progressive as it should have been, was just what the Catholic Church needed if it intended to m aintain its status as one of the largest denominations on Earth.This newspaper is divided up in to two portions, the first a historical account of events of the council and the second an analysis of the most important of the 16 documents approved by the assembled Fathers and their effect on the Catholic Church. WHAT HAPPENED On January 25th 1959, Pope whoremonger XXIII announced that he was assembling what was to be the 21st ecumenical council of the roman Catholic Church. He proclaimed to his closest advisors that the purpose of the council would be to proclaim the truth, bring Christians closer to the faith, and contribute at the same time to peace and successfulness on earth. Pope John immediately made it very clear that his papal reign, which up until this point was considered rather inconsequential, was going to make a difference.Councils of the perform are called to contemplate and reevaluate the churchs position on matters such as church administration, doctrine and disci pline. An ecumenical council is a worldwide council that can only be called by the pope. All bishops and other high-ranking members of the whole church are to be present. This was to be the first major council in the Church since the original Vatican Council that was convened in 1869-1870. Immediately after the popes order the Vaticans bureaucracy of religious leaders, which is known as the Curia, sprung... ...ly did little more than al chain reactor official consent to the beliefs that were already present by that time in the minds of the majority of Fathers. It still was a necessary step and required a lot of bravery on the part of those involved. Without it the Church may well have become a trivial antiquity too stuck in its old shipway to be in any way relevant to the modern world. Works CitedBasset, Bernard. Preist in the piazza. Goal line tribute to a council, with illustrations by Penelope Harter. Fresno honorary society Guild Press, 1963.Berkouwer, G.C. The Second Vatican Council and the new Catholicism. Grand Rapids Eerdmans, 1965Caporale, Rock. Vatican II Last of the councils. Balitmore Helicon, 1964.Catholic Church Pope John XXIII. Apostolic letter of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II on the 25 anniversay of the promulgation of the conciliar Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium on the Sacred Liturgy. Washington D.C. United States Catholic Conference, 1988. MacEoin, Gary. What Happened at Rome? The Council and Its Implications for the Modern World. tend City Doubleday, 1966.Ratzinger, Joseph. Theological Highlights of Vatican II. New York Paulist Press, 1967.

Pre-literacy and Modern Vestiges Essays -- Literature Epic Poetry Poem

Pre-literacy and Modern VestigesFor many years, the conventions and existence of epic poetry from the pre-literate age were explained as repositories for teaching. A well-known story, usually involving a sensation that embodied the virtues of the club who told the story, engages in battles, quests, etc. As the epic is spoken to an audience, the heros actions and the way they atomic number 18 described im get around the audience with information and teachings. The information the listeners received is thought by some to be analogous to a modern day schoolbook lesson, in which students learn mathematics, grammar, and law, all by the written word. So is the contention of Homeric scholar Eric A. Havelock. As Hobart and Schiffman state in Orality and the Problem of Memory, E very(prenominal)where he looked in Homer, Havelock saw a riches of instruction. For instance, the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon at the beginning of the Iliad embodies for him a wid e range of subliminal teachings. It lays out the rules for disposition of captives, the etiquette of making and receiving ransom requests, the reverence due to priests, the gaze accorded to kings by powerful warriors, and the symbols of public authority(19).Havelock believed the nature of the epic was to verbally hand down a fiber of classical social contract, so that society could remain stable based upon the information that the speakers gave audiences of the Iliad. Integral to the audiences reception of these teachings was a willingness to become participatory in the communicating of the epic. According to Havelock, this is not a choice, but a necessity for a pre-literate listener. Havelock contends that a pre-literate soci... ...ring a list of oral communication and definitions. What is important in Hobart and Schiffmans undertake is the idea that the purpose of oral epics is radically different than what has been traditionally thought. Our mod ern concept of memory is a very personal experience, as is for the most part our learning styles. Books are intimate and stress the individual interpreter of them their pages are filled with information that in the reviewers hands might be hundreds of years removed from the time they were written. Yet with spoken epics, the only way to experience them was in the flesh, listening in a group to the speaker. It was a nominally individual process, but did include information as a print culture knows it. In the present day, mayhap the immediacy of the performance nature of pre-literate act as is overlooked when so many written words flash before our eyes on pages. Pre-literacy and Modern Vestiges Essays -- literary productions Epic Poetry PoemPre-literacy and Modern VestigesFor many years, the conventions and existence of epic poetry from the pre-literate age were explained as repositories for information. A well-known story, usually involving a hero that embodied the virtues of the society who told the story, engages in battles, quests, etc. As the epic is spoken to an audience, the heros actions and the way they are described impart the audience with information and teachings. The information the listeners received is thought by some to be analogous to a modern day textbook lesson, in which students learn mathematics, grammar, and law, all by the written word. So is the contention of Homeric scholar Eric A. Havelock. As Hobart and Schiffman state in Orality and the Problem of Memory, Everywhere he looked in Homer, Havelock saw a wealth of instruction. For instance, the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon at the beginning of the Iliad embodies for him a wide range of subliminal teachings. It lays out the rules for disposition of captives, the etiquette of making and receiving ransom requests, the reverence due to priests, the respect accorded to kings by powerful warriors, and the symbols of public authority(19).Havelock believed the nature of the epic was to verbally hand down a type of classical social contract, so that society could remain stable based upon the information that the speakers gave audiences of the Iliad. Integral to the audiences reception of these teachings was a willingness to become participatory in the communication of the epic. According to Havelock, this is not a choice, but a necessity for a pre-literate listener. Havelock contends that a pre-literate soci... ...ring a list of words and definitions. What is important in Hobart and Schiffmans essay is the idea that the purpose of oral epics is radically different than what has been traditionally thought. Our modern concept of memory is a very personal experience, as is for the most part our learning styles. Books are intimate and stress the individual interpreter of them their pages are filled with information that in the readers hands might be hundreds of years removed from the time they were written. Yet with spoken epics, the only way to experience them was in the flesh, listening in a group to the speaker. It was a nominally individual process, but did include information as a print culture knows it. In the present day, perhaps the immediacy of the performance nature of pre-literate work is overlooked when so many written words flash before our eyes on pages.

Pre-literacy and Modern Vestiges Essays -- Literature Epic Poetry Poem

Pre-literacy and young VestigesFor many years, the conventions and existence of epic poetry from the pre-literate age were explained as repositories for information. A well-known story, usu eachy involving a hero that embodied the virtues of the society who told the story, engages in battles, quests, etc. As the epic is spoken to an auditory sense, the heros actions and the look they are described impart the audience with information and teachings. The information the numbereners received is thought by some to be analogous to a modern daylight textbook lesson, in which students learn mathematics, grammar, and law, all by the written word. So is the contention of Homeric scholar Eric A. Havelock. As Hobart and Schiffman state in Orality and the Problem of Memory, all over he looked in Homer, Havelock saw a wealth of instruction. For instance, the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon at the beginning of the Iliad embodies for him a wide range of sublimina l teachings. It lays out the rules for electric pig of captives, the etiquette of making and receiving ransom requests, the reverence overdue to priests, the respect accorded to kings by powerful warriors, and the symbols of public authority(19).Havelock believed the character of the epic was to verbally hand down a type of classical social contract, so that society could remain stable based upon the information that the speakers gave audiences of the Iliad. Integral to the audiences reaction of these teachings was a willingness to become participatory in the communication of the epic. According to Havelock, this is not a choice, but a necessity for a pre-literate listener. Havelock contends that a pre-literate soci... ...ring a list of words and definitions. What is important in Hobart and Schiffmans essay is the idea that the purpose of oral epics is radically different than what has been traditionally thought. Our modern concept of memory is a ver y personal experience, as is for the approximately part our learning styles. Books are intimate and stress the individual interpreter of them their pages are filled with information that in the readers hands magnate be hundreds of years removed from the time they were written. Yet with spoken epics, the only way to experience them was in the flesh, earreach in a group to the speaker. It was a nominally individual process, but did include information as a print culture knows it. In the prove day, perhaps the immediacy of the performance nature of pre-literate work is overlooked when so many written words flash before our eyes on pages. Pre-literacy and Modern Vestiges Essays -- Literature Epic Poetry PoemPre-literacy and Modern VestigesFor many years, the conventions and existence of epic poetry from the pre-literate age were explained as repositories for information. A well-known story, usually involving a hero that embodied the virtues of the society who to ld the story, engages in battles, quests, etc. As the epic is spoken to an audience, the heros actions and the way they are described impart the audience with information and teachings. The information the listeners received is thought by some to be analogous to a modern day textbook lesson, in which students learn mathematics, grammar, and law, all by the written word. So is the contention of Homeric scholar Eric A. Havelock. As Hobart and Schiffman state in Orality and the Problem of Memory, Everywhere he looked in Homer, Havelock saw a wealth of instruction. For instance, the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon at the beginning of the Iliad embodies for him a wide range of subliminal teachings. It lays out the rules for disposition of captives, the etiquette of making and receiving ransom requests, the reverence due to priests, the respect accorded to kings by powerful warriors, and the symbols of public authority(19).Havelock bel ieved the nature of the epic was to verbally hand down a type of classical social contract, so that society could remain stable based upon the information that the speakers gave audiences of the Iliad. Integral to the audiences reception of these teachings was a willingness to become participatory in the communication of the epic. According to Havelock, this is not a choice, but a necessity for a pre-literate listener. Havelock contends that a pre-literate soci... ...ring a list of words and definitions. What is important in Hobart and Schiffmans essay is the idea that the purpose of oral epics is radically different than what has been traditionally thought. Our modern concept of memory is a very personal experience, as is for the most part our learning styles. Books are intimate and stress the individual interpreter of them their pages are filled with information that in the readers hands might be hundreds of years removed from the time they were written. Yet with spoken ep ics, the only way to experience them was in the flesh, listening in a group to the speaker. It was a nominally individual process, but did include information as a print culture knows it. In the present day, perhaps the immediacy of the performance nature of pre-literate work is overlooked when so many written words flash before our eyes on pages.

Enron

The Enron scandal has far-reaching political and financial implications. In just 15 years, Enron grew from nowhere to be Americas seventh largest fellowship, employing 21,000 staff in much than 40 countries. But the starchys success turned out to shed involved an elaborate scam. Enron be about its breads and stands acc utilise of a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts so they didnt show up in the companys accounts. As the depth of the deception unfolded, investors and creditors retreated, forcing the slopped into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December.More than six months after a fell inquiry was announced, the guilty parties have still not been brought to justice. Leaders lead is critical to the creation and maintenance of culture there is a constant interplay between culture and leadership. Leaders create the mechanisms for cultural embedding and rein specialityment. Cultural norms arise and wobble because of what leaders tend to focus their attention on, their reactions to crises, their role modeling, and their recruitment strategies.Referring to Enron, the major mistake made by leaders are as follows Compensation Programs As in most otherwise U. S. companies, Enrons management was heavily compensated using stock options. Heavy use of stock option awards linked to short-run stock price may explain the focus of Enrons management on creating expectations of rapid growth and its efforts to puff up reported earnings to make full Wall Streets expectations. The stated intent of stock options is to align the interests of management with shareholders.But most programs award sizable option grants based on short-term account performance, and there are typically few requirements for managers to hold stock purchased through option programs for the long term. The experience of Enron, along with many other firms in the last few years, raises the possibility that stock compensation programs as currently designed can motivate managers to make decision s that pump up short-term stock performance, but fail to create medium- or long-term value (Hall and Knox, 2002). Dishonestly concealed debt and overstated earnings.Management t Enron Corp. admitted it overstated earnings for more or less five years. In an SEC filing, Enron said financial statements from 1997 through the third quarter of 2001 should not be relied upon, and that outside businesses run by Enron officials during that period should have been included in the companys earnings reports. As a result, Enron is reducing earnings for those years by $586 million, from $2. 89 billion to $2. 31 billion. The company also hold that part of earnings came from deals with partnerships controlled by recently sacked CFO Andrew Fastow.These transactions are already being investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Enron said these deals enabled Fastow to earn more than $30 million. Enron also conceded that three entities run by company officials should have been included in its financial statements, based on generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, the company revised its debt upward in each year from 1997 to 2000. As a result, Enrons debt at the end of 2000 was $10. 86 billion, $628 million more than antecedently reported. Enrons Performance Review System.PRC featured two basic motivational forces fear and greed. Skilling wanted to keep only the very best, meaning those who produced their profit and volume target so every six months one or two out of every ten employees were dismissed. In pitting employees against each other, the enjoin-and rank System acted to stress the imagined weaknesses of individuals and to obfuscate organizational problems. In sum, this led to an erosion of employee confidence in their own perceptions and, most crucially, to further shape with the organizations leaders in a way that reinforced conformist behavior.In practice, the PRC system worked to encourage entourages or fiefdoms (Dallas 2003) of loyal empl oyees who gravitated towards compelling players for protection. The PRC was a powerful mechanism for preventing the emergence of subcultures running counter to the organizational tone set by Enrons hierarchy. Members of the Risk Management and Assessment Group who reviewed the legal injury and conditions of deals (and who were largely inexperienced recent MBA graduates) as well as internal auditors, were fearful of retaliation in the PRC from persons whose deals they were reviewing (Chaffin and Fidler 2002 Dallas 2003).At best, control was compliance-based, seldom promote employees to follow either the letter or the intent of laws (Dallas 2003). This punitive environment brought the consequences of dissent sharply into focus. Enrons culture has been characterized as ruthless and reckless waste rewards on those who played the game, piece persecuting those who raised objections (Chaffin and Fidler 2002, 4-5). Led by Skillings cavalier attitude to rules, tiptop management convey ed the impression that all that mattered was for employees to book profits.In sum, this led to an erosion of employees confidence in their own perceptions and, most crucially, to further compliance with the organizations leaders in a way that strengthened conformist behavior. Former employees have noted how loyalty required a sort of group think (Chaffin and Fidler 2002, 2) and that you had to keep drinking the Enron water (Stephens and Behr 2002, 2). A legend of smooth, flawless operations was perpetuated with problems papered over (McLean 2001, 58).The net effect of the rank-and-yank system was to decrease the likelihood that employees would raise objections to any illegal or unethical behavior of powerful players. The competitiveness the PRC created was exacerbated by Enrons bonus regime. As one insider put it, sure, the culture at Enron was treacherous, but that was the point (Swartz and Watkins 2003, 56). Ultimately, the overestimation of profits and underreckoning of costs was endemic to the organization.The cheat on debt and financial report lead to character erosion which destroys the image of this company and loss of business and social standing. The acrid policy alliance the relationship between managers and ordinary workers, make well-intentioned employees were inhibited from doing the right thing. Board Board of Directors in Enrons collapse reason that the firm had developed a pervasive culture of deception (Senate Subcommittee 2002). As such it was designed and operating at the level of connivance.CEO Lay used direct force to fire any possible successor with whom he disagreed and either he or other top Enron managers used indirect force to deceive and manipulate employees and other stakeholders for top executive advantage. Whatever standard operating procedures were developed at the level of conformance were honored only to the boundary that they did not infringe upon executive perks or interfere with top executives exercising a type of feuda l control over internal subjects.When external compliance threatened to restrict Enron corporate prerogatives, aggressive tactics to reduce or liminate regulatory standards were routinely employed. The extent and degree to which illegal non-compliance was the cultural norm at Enron will be determined in the courts. Enron did not reach the commitment level it never democratized its power structures so that employee and community input could shape strategical direction or restrain executive perks. For all intents and break ups, the work culture of Enron was that of a moral jungle where abuse of power dominated principled economical democratic norms it was a moral powder keg ready to explode.(1) Fiduciary Failure.The Enron Board of Directors failed to safeguard Enron shareholders and contributed to the collapse of the seventh largest public company in the united States, by allowing Enron to engage in exalted risk accounting, inappropriate conflict of interest transactions, extensi ve undisclosed off-the-books activities, and excessive executive compensation. The Board witnessed numerous indications of indeterminate practices by Enron management over several years, but chose to ignore them to the detriment of Enron shareholders, employees and business associates. 2) High Risk Accounting. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to engage in high risk accounting practices.(3) Inappropriate Conflicts of Interest. Despite clear conflicts of interest, the Enron Board of Directors approved an unprecedented arrangement allowing Enrons Chief Financial Officer to establish and conk out the LJM private equity funds which transacted business with Enron and profited at Enrons expense.The Board exercised inadequate oversight of LJM transaction and compensation controls and failed to protect Enron shareholders from unfair dealing. (4) Extensive unrevealed Off-The-Books Activity. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to conduct billions of dolla rs in off-the-books activity to make its financial condition appear better than it was and failed to ensure adequate public disclosure of genuine off-the-books liabilities that contributed to Enrons collapse.(5) Excessive Compensation.The Enron Board of Directors approved excessive compensation for company executives, failed to monitor the cumulative cash drain caused by Enrons 2000 annual bonus and performance unit plans, and failed to monitor or halt abuse by Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Kenneth Lay of a company-financed, multi-million dollar, person-to-person credit line. (6) Lack of Independence. The independence of the Enron Board of Directors was compromised by financial ties between the company and certain Board members.The Board also failed to ensure the independence of the companys auditor, allowing Andersen to provide internal audit and consulting services while serving as Enrons Outside Accountants/Auditors Andersens auditors were pressured by Enrons manag ement to defer recognizing the charges from the special purpose entities as their credit risks became clear. Since the entities would never return a profit, accounting guidelines required that Enron should take a write-off, where the value of the entity was removed from the balance sheet at a loss.To pressure Andersen into meeting Enrons earnings expectations, Enron would occasionally allow accounting firms Ernst & Young or PricewaterhouseCoopers to complete accounting tasks to create the illusion of hiring a new firm to replace Andersen. Although Andersen was equipped with internal controls to protect against conflicted incentives of local partners, they failed to prevent conflict of interest.Revelations concerning Andersens overall performance led to the break-up of the firm, and to the following assessment by the Powers Committee (appointed by Enrons board to look into the firms accounting in October 2001) The evidence available to us suggests that Andersen did not fulfill its pr ofessional responsibilities in connection with its audits of Enrons financial statements, or its liability to bring to the attention of Enrons Board (or the Audit and Compliance Committee) concerns about Enrons internal contracts over the related-party transactions.Ethical Code/Process Enron senior management gets a failing grade on truth and disclosure. The purpose of ethics is to enable recognition of how a particular situation will be perceived. At a certain level, it hardly matters what the courts decide. Enron is bankruptwhich is what happened to the company and its officers before a single day in court. But no company engaging in akin practices can derive encouragement for any suits that might be terminated in Enrons favor.The damage to company reputation through a oppose perception of corporate ethics has already been done. Enrons top managers chose stakeholder deception and short-term financial gains for themselves, which destroyed their personal, and business reputations and their social standing. They all risk criminal and civil prosecution that could lead to imprisonment and/or bankruptcy. Board members were similarly negligent by failing to provide sufficient oversight and restraint to top management excesses, thereby further harming investor and public interests (Senate Subcommittee 2002). Individual and institutional investors lost millions of dollars because they were misinformed about the firms financial performance reality through funny accounting practices (Lorenzetti 2002).Employees were deceived about the firms actual financial condition and deprived of the freedom to diversify their retirement portfolios they had to stand by helplessly while their retirement savings evaporated at the same time that top managers cashed in on their lucrative stock options (Jacobius and Anand 2001). The government was also harmed because Americas political tradition of chartering only corporations that serve the public good was violated by an utter lack o f economic democratic protections from the massive public stakeholder harms caused by aristocratic abuses of power that benefited select wealthy elite.

Katherine Mansfield’s short story Essay

Katherine Mansfields short story Miss Brill is the story of a woman who is lonely and isolated from the world around her although she tries to make herself retrieve that she belongs to the community and is connected to the rest of the people who live in her little world. This theme of loneliness and isolation and Miss Brills attempts to waive them outdoor(a) would recur many times throughout the plot. Miss Brill is an old maid and that in itself makes her an outsider in a society that believes that being wed is the norm rather than the exception. all Sunday afternoon she visits the park and spends the entire time looking at the people and delighting in the activity going on. She compares herself to an sense of hearing watching a play unfolding before her. However, by regarding the world around her as a stage, she is unconsciously referring to her own life as a nonher(prenominal) plot in a make-believe play of life. She is a lonely woman pretending that everything is okay with he r life as much as everything looks fine with everyone during that afternoon in the park. While walking, with her ermine fur around her shoulders, she breathed something light which she denies as sadness.When she listens to the band playing, she feels a certain chill that she insists is not sadness. Her ultimate denial happens when she comes home after having eavesdropped upon a young couple making fun of her. While she replaces the fur in its box, she heard something crying. Every time, Miss Brill waives away the pangs of loneliness so that she is even able to pretend that the crying comes from inside the fur box. But at every illustration of denial, her sadness and isolation only becomes more obvious to the reader.Work CitedMansfield, Katherine. Miss Brill.

Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines

Comparative Analysis of the Family engrave and statute of Islamic individual(prenominal) equitys on Marri grow, judgeship-ordered detachment and Moslem fall apart in the Philippines Andres C. Soguilon Juris Doctor-1 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU COLLEGE OF LAW Comparative Analysis of the Family commandment and Code of Muslim own(prenominal) Laws on Marriage, reasoned judicial separation and Moslem fall apart in the Philippines Abstract This paper is a comparison surrounded by the laws governing the Muslim nuptials and carve up through Presidential Decree no(prenominal) 1083, otherwise known as the Code of Muslim in-person Laws and wedding party and legal disengagement infra the Family Code.It also compares the remediateeousnesss and obligations of teammates betwixt the two codes. It analyzes the similarities and differences of the provisions on the requisites in contracting conjugal unions between the two laws and the effects of legal separation as far as the Family Code is concern and the very(prenominal) with Islamic break as provided by law. Introduction The 1987 Philippine shaping, in name XV, particle 2, states that Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and shall be protected by the recount. The same constitution admits that no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof1 and it respects the protection and conservation by the State of the customs, traditions, practices and beliefs of the Filipinos. Presidential Decree 1083 also known as the Code of Muslim Personal Laws took effect on February 14, 1977 and the governing constitution then was the 1973 Constitution. check to Andres H. Hagad in his work Comments on the Muslim Code A Paper on PD. no. 038, the code refers to denomination XV, section 11 of the 1973 Constitution as the legal basis for its existence which states that the State shall consider the customs, traditions, beliefs an d interests of national cultural communities in the formulation and implementation of State policies. 2 1 2 The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article III, Section 5 Andres H. Hagad, Comments on the Muslim Code A Paper on P. D. no 1083, Philippine Law Journal 1977 Vol. 52 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 knave 2 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines RationaleThe Constitution, the laws and even unconditional Courts decisions pertaining to issues involving jointure have been reflective of how the State wanted to protect the sanctity and value of sum in the Philippines. The law even so provides that it shall non be governed by stipulations still by the Government and the latter must intervene in order to protect it. In line with this, the researcher seeks to be enlightened of the similarities and difference of marriages assure in accordance with the Family Code in comparison to those assure by Muslims provided by the Code of Muslim Personal Laws.Both codes give right to spouses to separate from each other on certain grounds, hence, comparison of the two would likely pave way to the idea of adopting unrivalled non only to protect the sanctity of marriage per se further also not to prejudice the constitutional and human rights of the parties involved. The Family Code and the Code of Muslim Personal Laws 1. What is Marriage? The Family Code of the Philippines defines marriage as a special contract of permanent union between a man and a adult female entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social institution whose nature, consequences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements whitethorn fix the property relatives during the marriage deep down the limits provided by the said code. 3 On the other hand, the Co de of Muslim Personal Laws definesmarriage as not only a civil contract but a social institution. Its nature, consequences and incidents are governed by this Code and the Sharia and not subject to stipulation, except that 3 Familly Code of the Philippines, Article I Andres C.Soguilon JD-1 Page 3 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines the marriage settlements whitethorn to a certain extent fix the property semblances of the spouses. The two laws have a definition of marriage which is more or less akin to each other. 4 2. Requisites of Marriage Family Code of the Philippines Code of Muslim Personal Laws Art. 2. No marriage shall be valid, unless these natural requisites are present 1. Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and a female and 2.Consent freely given up in the comportment of the solemnizing officer Art. 15. Essential requisites. No marriage shall be perfected unless the spare-time activity essential requisites are complied with (a) Legal capacity of the contracting parties (b) Mutual consent of the parties freely given (c) Offer (ijab) and acceptance (qabul) duly witnessed by at least two competent persons after(prenominal)(prenominal) the proper guardian in marriage (wali) has given his consent and (d) Stipulation of customary dower (mahr) duly witnessed by two competent persons. Art. 3. The orb requisites of marriage are 1. Authority of the solemnizing officer 2.A valid marriage license except in the cases provided for in Chapter 2 of this Title and 3. A marriage ceremony which takes place with the appearance of the contracting parties beforehand the solemnizing officers and their personal Art. 16. susceptibility to contract marriage. declaration that they take each other (1) Any Muslim male at least fifteen years as hubby and married woman in the presence of of age and every Muslim female of the not less than two witnesses of legal age pubescence or upwards and not age. suffering from some(prenominal) impediment under the provisions of this Code whitethorn contract marriage.A female is presumed to have attained puberty upon reaching the age of fifteen. (2) However, the Sharia District Court may, upon petition of a proper wali, order the solemnization of the marriage of a female who though less than fifteen but not on a lower floor twelve years of age, has attained puberty. (3) Marriage through a waliby a minor below the prescri eff ages shall be regarded as betrothal and may be annulled upon the petition of either party within four years after attaining the age of puberty, provided no 4 Code of Muslim Personal Laws, Chapter II, Section I, Article 14 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 4Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines military volunteer cohabitation has taken place and the wali who contra cted the marriage was other than the father or paternal grandfather. Apparently, the Code of Muslim Personal Laws has more requirements for contracting parties to travel along before they can enter into marriage. Under the Family Code, the contracting must be at least eighteen years of age, in such case when one of the parties is below eighteen the marriage will be void which will be discussed below. On the other hand, Code of Muslim of Personal laws, the male must be at least fifteen years of age and the female must be of the age of puberty with the presumption provided in the Code that females attain their puberty at the age of fifteen. Also, the female must not be below twelve years of age, in such case the marriage may be annullable. 3. Void and Voidable Marriages under Family Code and Prohibited Marriages under Code of Muslim Personal Laws Family Code of the Philippines Art. 35.The following marriages shall be void from the beginning (1) Those contracted by any party below eig hteen years of age even with the consent of parents or guardians (2) Those solemnized by any person not licitly authorized to perform marriages unless such marriages were contracted with either or both parties believing in good faith that the solemnizing officer had the legal authority to do so (3) Those solemnized without a license, except those covered by the preceding Chapter Code of Muslim Personal Laws Section 2.Prohibited Marriages Article 23. Bases of prohibition. No marriage may be contracted by parties within the prohibited degrees (a) Of consanguinity (b) Of affinity and (c) Of fosterage. Article 24. Prohibition by consanguinity (tahrimjbin-nasab). No marriage shall be contracted between (a) Ascendants and posterity of any degree 5 Family Code of the Philippines 1988, Art. 3 (1) Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 5Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines (4) Those bigamous or po lygamous marriages not falling under Article 41 (5) Those contracted through mistake of one contracting party as to the identity of the other and (6) Those subsequent marriages that are void under Article 53. Art. 36. A marriage contracted by any party who, at the time of the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, shall similarly be void even if such incapacity becomes distinct only after its solemnization.Art. 37. Marriages between the following are incestuous and void from the beginning, whether the relationship between the parties be legitimize or illegitimate (1) Between ascendants and descendants of any degree and (2) Between brothers and sisters, whether of the replete(p) or half-blood. Art. 38. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning for reasons of public policy (1) Between collateral blood relatives, whether legitimate or illegitimate, up o the fourth civil degree (2) Between step-pare nts and stepchildren (3) Between parents-in-law and childrenin-law (4) Between the adopting parent and the adopted child (5) Between the surviving spouse of the adopting parent and the adopted child (6) Between the surviving spouse of the adopted child and the adopter Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 (b) Brothers and sisters, whether germane, consanguine or uterine and (c) Brothers or sisters and their descendants within the third civil degree. Article 25. Prohibition by affinity (tahrim-billmusahara). 1) No marriage shall be contracted between (a) Any of the spouses and their respective affinal relatives in the ascending line and in the collateral line within the third degree (b) Stepfather and stepdaughter when the marriage between the former and the mother of the latter has been consummated (c) Stepmother and stepson when the marriage between the former and the father of the latter has been consummated and (d) Stepson or stepdaughter and the widow, widower or divorcee of their respective ascendants. 2) The prohibition under this article applies even after the dissolution of the marriage creating the affinal relationship. Article 26. Prohibition cod to fosterage (tahrim-bir-radaa). (1) No person may validly contract marriage with any woman who breastfed him for at least five times within two years after his birth. (2) The prohibition on marriage by reason of consanguinity shall likewise apply to persons related by fosterage within the same degrees, subject to exception recognized by Muslim law. Section 4.Batil and Fasi Marriages Article 31. Batil marriages. The following marriages shall be void (batil) from the beginning Page 6 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines (7) Between an adopted child and a legitimate child of the adopter (8) Between adopted children of the same adopter and (9) Between parties where one, with the intention to get hitched with the other, killed that other persons spouse, or his or her own spouse.Art. 41. A marriage contracted by any person during the subsistence of a previous marriage shall be null and void unless before the celebration of the subsequent marriage, the prior spouse had been absent for four consecutive years and the spouse present had a well-founded belief that the absent spouse was already dead. In case of disappearance where there is danger of death under the circumstances set forrad in the provisions of Article 391 of the Civil Code, and absence of only two years shall be sufficient. xx Art. 53. Either of the former spouses may marry once again after complying with the requirements of the immediately preceding Article otherwise, the subsequent marriage shall be null and void. (a) Those contracted contrary to Articles 23, 24, 25 and 26 (b) Those contracted in difference of the prohibition against unlawful conjunction and (c) Those contracted by parties one or both of whom have been found guilty o f having killed the spouse of either of them. Article 32. Fasid marriages.The following marriages shall be irregular (fasid) from their performance (a) Those contracted with a female observing idda (b) Those contracted contrary to Article 30 (c) Those wherein the consent of either party is wasted by violence, intimidation, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation (d) Those contracted by a party in a condition of death-illness (marad-ul-mault) without the same being consummated (e) Those contracted by a party in a state of ihram and (f) Mixed marriages not allowed under Islamic law.The Family Code provides for marriages that are void and voidable due to the fact that these marriages are contracted with either the absence of both essential and formal requisites and defect or irregularity in the essential or formal requisites. The Code of Muslim Personal Laws, on the other hand provides for several instances where a marriage is prohibited, void and irregular. Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 7Co mparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines 4. Legal Separation and Divorce Family Code of the Philippines Art. 55. A petition for legal separation may be filed on any of the following grounds (1) Repeated physical violence or grossly abusive conduct directed against the petitioner, a common child, or a child of the petitioner (2) Physical violence or moral pressure to compel the petitioner to change religious or olitical affiliation (3) Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce the petitioner, a common child, or a child of the petitioner, to engage in prostitution, or collusion in such corruption or inducement (4) Final judgment sentencing the respondent to imprisonment or more than six years, even if pardoned (5) Drug addiction or habitual alcoholism of the respondent (6) Lesbianism or homosexuality of the respondent (7) Contracting by the respondent of a subsequent bigamous marriage, whether in the Philippines or abroad bigamous marriage, whether in the Philippines or abroad (8) Sexual infidelity or perversion (9) Attempt by the respondent against the life of the petitioner or (10) Abandonment of petitioner by respondent without justifiable cause for more than one year. Code of Muslim Personal Laws Chapter Three DIVORCE (TALAQ) Section 1. record and Form Article 45. Definition and forms. Divorce is the formal dissolution of the marriage bond in accordance with this Code to be granted only after the exhaustion of all possible means of reconciliation between the spouses.It may be effected by (a) Repudiation of the married woman by the husband (talaq) (b) curse of continence by the husband (ila) (c) Injurious assanilation of the wife by the husband (zihar) (d) Acts of imprecation (lian) (e) Redemption by the wife (khul) (f) Exercise by the wife of the delegated right to repudiate (tafwld) or (g) Judicial decree (faskh). Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 8 Comparativ e Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines There is a big difference between legal separation and divorce because the former only covers separation of bed and board while the latter is an absolute separation. Any divorce proceeding undertaken before the Sharia Court is valid, recognized, binding and sufficient divorce proceedings. 6 Article 13 of PD No. 1083 does not provide for a situation where the parties were married both in civil and Muslim rites.Consequently, the sharia courts are not vested with original and exclusive jurisdiction when it comes to marriages celebrated under both civil and Muslim laws. 7 Specifically, divorce in Islam is classified into different types in relation to the grounds that may be used by either the husband or the wife in separating from each other. A divorce by talaq may be affected by the husband in a single repudiation of his wife during her nonmenstrual perio d within which he has totally abstained from carnal relation with her. 8 A wife in a Muslim marriage may be granted a decree of divorce where her husband makes a vow to abstain from any carnal relations with his wife and keeps such for a period of not less than four (4) months. Another is the divorce by zihar, where a husband has injuriously assimilated his wife to any of his relatives within the prohibited degrees of marriage, in such case they shall mutually refrain from having carnal relation until he shall have performed the prescribed expiation. 10 Where the husband accuses his wife of adultery, a decree of perpetual divorce may be granted by the court. 11 The wife could also, after having offered to return or renounce her dower or to pay any other lawful consideration for her release from the marriage bond, petition the court for divorce. 12 If the husband has delegated to the wife the right to effect a talaq at the time of the celebration of the marriage or thereafter, she ma y repudiate the marriage and the 6 7 Zamoranos v. People 2011 G. R. No. 193902 Tamano v. Ortiz 1998 G. R. No. 26603 8 P. D. No. 1083 1977, Article 46 (1) 9 Ibid, Article 47 10 Ibid, Article 48 11 Ibid, Article 49 12 Ibid, Article 50 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 9 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines repudiation would have the same effect as if it were pronounced by the husband himself. 13 Lastly, the wife may petition a decree of divorce by faskh (judicial decree) subject to some grounds. A decree of faskh on the ground of unusual cruelty may be granted by the court upon petition of the wife. 14 Muslim spouses, because of divorce granted by P. D. No. 083 for Islamic marriages have many ways in order to separate themselves from each other. Grounds for divorce decree are even classified as to whom it may apply, either to the wife or the husband taking into account the different sit uations that they may experience in their married life. On the other hand, the Family Code also provides spouses to separate from each other but only limited, however legitimate the grounds are. The grounds for legal separation provided by the Family Code are more specific and relatively of the same saddle with the grounds for divorce provided by P. D. No. 1083. However, the Family Code does not at all give the spouses the right to be divorced. 5.Effects of Legal Separation and Divorce Family Code of the Philippines Art. 63. The decree of legal separation shall have the following effects (1) The spouses shall be entitled to live separately from each other, but the marriage bonds shall not be cut off (2) The absolute community or the conjugal partnership shall be dissolved and liquidated but the pique spouse shall have no right to any share of the net profits earned by the absolute community or the conjugal partnership, which shall be forfeited in accordance with the provisions of Article 43(2) (3) The custody of the minor children shall 13 14 Code of Muslim Personal Laws Article 54. Effects of irrevocable talaq or faskh.A talaq or faskh, as soon as it becomes irrevocable, shall have the following effects (a) The marriage bond shall be severed and the spouses may contract another marriage in accordance with this Code (b) The spouses shall fall masking their mutual rights of inheritance (c) The custody of children shall be determined in accordance with Article 78 of this code (d) The wife shall be entitled to recover from the husband her whole dower in case the talaq Ibid, Article 51 See Article 52-53 of P. D. No. 1083 1977 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 10 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines be awarded to the innocent spouse, subject to the provisions of Article 213 of this Code and (4) The offending spouse shall be disqualified from inheriting from the in nocent spouse shall be revoked by operation of law. as been affected after the consummation of the marriage, or one-half thereof if effected before its consummation (e) The husband shall not be discharged from his obligation to give support in accordance with Article 67 and (f) The conjugal partnership, if stipulated in the marriage settlements, shall be dissolved and liquidated. The huge difference between the two Codes with regard to the effects of either legal separation or divorce is that in legal separation, the spouse are only entitled to live separately from each other and their marriage bonds shall not be severed while in Islamic divorce, marriage bonds between divorced parties shall be severed and they are entitled to contract a subsequent marriage provided they comply with the requisites to enter into another marriage. The Family does not provide that legally separated spouses can enter into another marriage.In the Family Code, the offending spouse shall not have any righ t to any share of the net profits earned by the absolute community or the conjugal partnership while in P. D No. 1083, the spouses shall lose their mutual rights of inheritance. As to the custody of the children, the Family Code provides that the innocent shall be granted custody subject to conditions, while in P. D. No. 1083 custody shall be determined by Article 78 of the same code. 15 Similarly PD No. 1083 is clear that where the parents are not divorced or legally separated, the father and mother shall jointly exercise just and reasonable parental authority and fulfill their responsibility over 15 Article 78 of P.D. No. 1083 otherwise known as Code of Muslim Personal laws states that (1) the care and custody of children below seven years of age whose parents are divorced shall fit to the mother or, in her absence, to the maternal grandmother, the paternal grandmother, the sister and aunts. In their default, it shall devolve upon the father and the nearest paternal relatives. Th e minor above seven years of age but below the age of puberty may choose the parent with whom he wants to stay. (2) The unmarried daughter who has reached the age of puberty shall stay with the father the son, under the same circumstances, shall stay with the mother. Andres C.Soguilon JD-1 Page 11 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines their legitimate children. 16 However, in a case where the mother was originally a Catholic woman and when she separated from her Muslim husband, converted back into Catholicism The standard in the determination of sufficiency of proof, however, is not restricted to Muslim laws. The Family Code shall be taken into consideration in deciding whether a non-Muslim woman is incompetent. What determines her capacity is the standard laid down by the Family Code now that she is not a Muslim. 17 6.The Family Code, the Code of Muslim Personal Laws and the Cons titution The Constitution defines marriage, as an inviolable social institution, the foundation of the family and shall be protected by the State. 18 The State shall defend the right of spouses to found a family in accordance with their religious convictions and the demands of responsible parenthood. 19 Some scholars especially from the Catholic Church are against divorce because not only does it contravene the teachings of the Bible but according to them it is also against the Constitution which mandates the State to protect marriage as an inviolable social institution. The author would like to believe that Muslim divorce is deemed to be a kind of divorce equivalent to an absolute abrogation of marriage.However, Muslim divorce is protected by the enactment of P. D No. 1083 which granted full autonomy and authority to Muslims customs and traditions the marriage relations between Muslims. The 1973 Constitution which is in effect when the Code of Muslim Personal Laws was enacted provi des that the State shall consider the customs, traditions, beliefs and interests of national cultural communities in the formulation and implementation of State policies. It is the authors opinion that there is already a conflict between the two provisions arising from the enactment of P. D. No. 1083. However, it is doubtful 16 Bondagjy v Bondagjy, 2001, G. R. No. 140817 17 18Ibid The 1987 Philippine Constitution 1986, Article XV, Section 2 19 Ibid, Section 3 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 12 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines if the question of constitutionality can be raised, considering the provision of Article XVII, section 3(2) of the same Constitution, which reads Alldecrees.. promulgated, issued, or done by the incumbent President shall be part of the law of the land, and shall remain valid, binding and effective even after the lifting of martial law20 20 Andres H. Hagad, Comments on the Muslim Code A Paper on P. D. No. 083, Philippine Law Journal 1977 Vol. 52 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 13 Comparative Analysis of the Family Code and Code of Muslim Personal Laws on Marriage, Legal Separation and Islamic Divorce in the Philippines References Articles Andres H. Hagad, Comments on the Muslim Code A Paper on P. D. No. 1083, Philippine Law Journal 1977 Vol. 52 Cases Bondagjy v Bondagjy, December 7, 2001, G. R. No. 140817 Tamano v Ortiz, June 29, 1998, G. R. No. 126603 Zamoranos v People, G. R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011 Laws The 1987 Philippine Constitution 1986 Presidential Decree No. 1083 1977 The Family Code of the Philippines 1988 Andres C. Soguilon JD-1 Page 14

Example of Significance of the Study

The study of vapor technology and craft fabrication can be a learning paradigm in the secondary level and vocational schools to enhance the students friendship and entrepreneurial skills as well. This is but a small contribution with the capital of Senegal Framework for Action (2000) that not only basic education be learned by todays students but acquisition of learning skills and knowledge for gainful employment and full participation in countrys society.The projects goal is designed to help students improve academic competence, modernize employability skills, implement a career plan and participate in a career pathway in preparation for post secondary education or careers in the food manufacturing or services sector after graduating from high school. This goal can be achieved through the mentors that can teach the students the food dehydration technology and craft fabrication for use of the process.The output of this study is a source material that the teachers can assimilate an d disseminate by diffusion and innovation technique. SAMPLE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Significance of the study This section will provide brief description on the various significances of the study given the ternary categories Educational, Technological and Economic. To students. The proposed study serves the students as their reference or guide in creating their program.It will also help students taking computer related courses to identify the vanquish programming language to use. To teachers. The proposed study will help teachers to have a deeper understanding to the said programming languages. By this study they will come up with easier and powerful program. To future researcher. The proposed study will benefits and help the future researcher as their guide. The study can also open in development of this study.

Demographic Factors Research

Running head DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS RESEARCH Demographic F ventureors Research University of Phoenix MMPBL 560 Managing in a Cross-Cultural Environment October 19, 2009 Organizations around the arena are experiencing the make of pagan and world-wide kind. Kellogg, Starbucks, McDonalds, and mandril are quatern companies introduced in this paper.They have been researched in order to identify how individually company is stirred by demographic factors, how these factors are managed, and what systems are implemented to enkindle the success of the railway line thus, this paper illustrates the key hang concepts and their application to the opera hat practices of these companies. The dynamics and dimensions of diversity in an increasingly world(a) argument environment provoke challenge the demographic factors of most organizations.Basically, Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) declare, In the 21st century, the overwhelming majority of the globes population, along with a large percentage of the populations of the United States and Canada, give be descendants of the non-Western throngs (Ch. 1, p. 29). In otherwise words, organizations will need to learn how to manage the complexities of a divers(prenominal) manpower. Among these complexities, organizations will encounter demographic factors such as age, race, education level, religion, political party preference, sexual orientation, and gender (Kottak & Kozaitis, 2003).Because of these diverse factors, organizations need to be prepared to recognize the individuals manner that is influenced by culture, rates, and beliefs. To illustrate, culture refers to peoples identity in their traditions, customs, and way of life (Kottak & Kozaitis, 2003). In fact, Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) declare that culture is all encompassing. In essence, it is important for organizations to make do that individuals are influenced by popular culture as well. Therefore, individuals in a diverse workplace need to understand and respect each others differences.It is not enough to know that the workplace is composed of people with different views in life, values, and attitudes. Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) state that Ethnic diversity may be associated with positive group interaction and coexistence or with infringe (Ch. 5, p. 12). Knowing that diversity can be beneficial to the organization will help management integrate appropriate value systems within the company. However, in the event that deviation exists as a result of diversity, management would need to consider alternative beaver practices to address the organizational mesh. granted the complexities of a diverse manpower, organizations need to examine constantly alternative solutions to help them manage the demographic factors within the company. Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) declare that Failure to achieve an accurate cover and appreciation of a race-based group of people results in racism (Ch. 6, p. 3). Certainly, organizations need to mitigate any potent ial and undesirable out sources that can negatively affect the story and profitability of the parentage.To put it differently, The great sociopolitical paradox of the contemporary world is that both integration and disintegration are increasing (Kottak & Kozaitis, 2003, Ch. 3, p. 5). In addition, globalization is contributing to the workforce diversity around the world, and organizations are continually being challenged to learn new ways to manage these changes. Organizations are not only challenged with internal changes but in like manner with external forces such as economic and political factors.The importance of understanding the presence and influence of diversity that affect the contemporary American culture can prove enormously beneficial for any organization. In effect, organizations need to learn how to usefully manage the effects of demographic factors involving their planning and decision making in motivating and rewarding individuals (Kottak & Kozaitis, 2003). Consi der for instance, Kellogg started its business more than 100 years ago and has quickly expanded into new geographies, fadeing to a stead unshakable gain plan that provided them with a global business, which still stands strong today.While remaining a superior global food company, Kelloggs management realize that they had to have the strongest possible resources to support their business growth in a diverse and competitive environment (Kellogg, 2009). Likewise, Starbucks is managing its competition challenges the real economic conditions are factors that Starbucks needfully to consider in order to market the new products to pre get along its clientele and bring in new clients. Hence, Starbucks is wise to use the four Ps model Price, Product, Place, and Promotion, to determine the course of action best suited to stay ahead of the competition.To be clear, both Kellogg and Starbucks are managing the effects of postmodernity that is, postmodertnity describes our time and situationt odays world in flux, with people on the move who have learned to manage multiple identities depending on place and mount (Kottak & Kozaitis, 2003, Ch. p. 29). To manage the influence of postmodernity within the context of demographic factors, Kellogg and Starbucks are implementing strategic approaches to aid them in their success involving global and cultural diversity.For example, Kellogg commit itself to developing a comprehensive and ground-breaking supplier diversity course. This class was to cultivate strategic procurement similitudeships with W/MBE-owned, controlled and operated businesses while supplying products and services Kellogg purchased this would allow them to foster the growth of their business while marketing the long-term growth of Kellogg (Kellogg, 2009). Similarly, Starbucks expanded the carte to include products to target non- coffee berry drinkers, with the introduction of blended or iced cold coffee drinks, frappuccinos, caffe lattes, mochas, and teas.S tarbucks creatively integrated a diverse menu consisting of bold aromas to creamy sweet flavors, attracting a range of customers to Starbucks at various times and for various reasons. Starbucks intention to satisfy the demographic factors has prompted management to add items on the menu for anyone uncoerced to try among them, Professionals heading to an early morning meeting needing a stout cup of coffee, housewives stopping for a late morning latte with friends after falling the children at school and the high school and college students in search of Wi-Fi connection and snack (Kembell, 2002).Another company that has keep ond to strive for cultural adaptability in a diverse global environment is McDonalds. This company is an organization that can be found in every country, servicing nearly 47 million customers around the world. Because of McDonalds ridiculous demographic factors, managers are trained through a comprehensive Management Development Program. This program encompass es McDonalds shopping centre values and principles along with the dedication to serve customers, the community, and employees (McDonalds, 2009).One of the demographic factors affecting McDonalds management planning involves the aging population in Australia. In other words, McDonalds management is challenged with having to change its marketing approach in order to reach the saucily identified groups (Monash University, 2009). Similar to Kellogg and Starbucks, McDonalds management is searching for effective systems to help aid the company in addressing the increasing changes in demographics.Fortunately, McDonalds continues to find strength on its business models in which McDonalds management is committed to exceeding customers expectations in every restaurant every time (McDonalds, 2009). Accordingly, McDonalds management recognizes that the companys core values go beyond demographics, for this reason, McDonalds philosophy declares, We will seize every opportunity to innovate and l ead the industry on behalf of our customers (McDonalds, 2009).Effectively, the best practices of McDonalds, Starbucks and Kellogg present the dedication and commitment to learn and fasten on successful systems that will help them serve customers regardless of demographic factors. Unquestionably, these organizations need to withal integrate rewards and motivation systems to help them sustain a diverse workforce anywhere in the world. For example, spike Education and Training is a leading provider of workforce development services to job-seekers, workers, employers, and communities nationwide (Arbor E & T, 2009).Arbor employees come from many an(prenominal) different walks of life, employees of all ages, religions, and other factors these employees are treated equally within the organization in decisions concerning rewards and performance. Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) state that Cultural diversity refers to variation in institutions, traditions, language, customs, rituals, beliefs, and values (Ch. 4, p. 6). In summary, organizations are required to continually scan their business environment in order to identify the challenges that come with a diverse workforce.Overall, Kellogg, Starbucks, McDonalds, and Arbor are challenged with cultural diversity, yet each company is finding the way to integrate successful best practices in the workplace. As noted, the dimensions of diversity in relation to each demographic factor play a crucial role in how Kellogg, Starbucks, McDonalds, and Arbor cope with the increasing changes of the business environment. Accordingly, the practices of these companies serve to address the presence of a diverse workforce in a constantly changing society. Synopsis of Kellogg by Wendy HarrisKellogg Company, a company with many competitive advantages in global communicatings, started its company more than 100 years ago and quickly expanded into new geographies. With a stead fast growth plan that provided them with a global business which sti ll stands strong today. While remaining a superior global food company, Kellogg Company realized that they had to have the strongest possible resources to support their business growth. A great deal of that strength was acquired through raw materials and other products and services from the widest and best foundation of resources.During the building process, Kellogg Company committed itself to developing a comprehensive and ground-breaking supplier diversity program. This program was to cultivate strategic procurement relationships with W/MBE-owned, controlled and operated businesses while supplying products and services Kellogg purchased this would allow them to foster the growth of their business while marketing the long-term growth of the Kellogg Company. Kelloggs codification of conduct, their management staff is required to hold certain employees to special responsibilities under the Code.Kellogg believes its their managers responsibleness to create and maintain a work environ ment in which all employees and agents know that ethical and legal behavior is expected of them at all times. to each one manager is expected to model the highest standards of ethical business conduct and encourage discussion of the ethical and unethical as well as the legal implications of business decisions. It is the mangers responsibility to make sure that anyone needing additional reading in an effort to do his or her job receives appropriate policies and training.It is the managers responsibility not to hire or retain any employee or agent who they feel may engage in unlawful conduct or unethical activities. In 2005, Kellogg incorporated an awards program called the W. K. Kellogg Values Award, which is given annually to one individual and one team of employees who best exhibit the K Values while working. This program initiated to support their code of conduct as well as the companys mission. Synopsis of Starbucks by Colleen Holdahl Young urban professionals consuming special ized coffees were the first to patronize Starbucks. straightaway the popular coffee chain attracts 25 million people each week and draws a large demographic of patrons varying in age and ethnic backgrounds (Hanft, 2005). The most common customer Starbucks attracts is of course, the coffee drinker, yet the company expanded the menu to include products to target non-coffee drinkers, with the introduction of blended or iced cold coffee drinks, frappuccinos, lattes, mochas, and teas. With the presence of bold aromas to creamy sweet flavors, a range of customers are frequenting Starbucks at various times and for various reasons.Starbucks has items on the menu for anyone willing to try Professionals heading to an early morning meeting needing a stout cup of coffee, housewives stopping for a late morning latte with friends after dropping the children at school and the high school and college students in search of Wi-Fi connection and snack (Kembell, 2002). Adding new products is a challeng e as Starbucks must consider many factors. For example when the new Creme Frappuccino was created, Starbucks took into consideration the demographic areas to launch the drink, the market to target, and the packaging of the new product.Introducing the Creme Frappuccino, Starbucks faces a competition that the company has not previously experienced, with competitors imitating the Creme Frappuccino. Competition and the current economic condition, both are factors Starbucks needs to consider how to market the new products to preserve current patrons and bring in new customers. Starbucks is wise to use the four Ps model Price, Product, Place, and Promotion, to determine the course of action, best suited to stay ahead of the competition.Emotions are potent internal influences described by Hawkins, Mothersbaugh, and better (2007) as strong, relatively uncontrollable feelings that affect behavior (p. 364). Starbucks is in a competition over the supposed injustice and treatment toward coffe e growers in Ethiopia. The controversy deals with negative emotions of customers, due to the report that Starbucks deprives the Ethiopian growers of $90 Million annually by opposing the Ethiopian governments efforts to trademark three locally grown coffee beans (Economist, para. ). The Creme Frappucino gives Starbucks an opportunity to offer a guilt-free alternative to non-coffee drinkers or patrons who oppose the Ethiopian controversy, during the time the legal and public-relations situation is in transition. Synopsis of McDonalds by Marisela Jimenez McDonalds is an organization that can be found in every country, servicing nearly 47 million customers around the world. Because of McDonalds unique demographic factors, managers are trained through a comprehensive Management Development Program.This program encompasses McDonalds core values and principles along with the dedication to serve customers, the community, and employees (McDonalds, 2009). Hence, the demographic factors affec ting McDonalds vary from each country, yet management understands that by following McDonalds philosophy, their planning can help mitigate the effects of each demographic factor. To illustrate, some of the demographic factors affecting McDonalds management planning involves the aging population in Australia, the decline in birth rate, the changing family, the increase in ethnic diversity, and the population growth.In other words, McDonalds management is challenged with having to change its marketing approach in order to reach the newly identified groups (Monash University, 2009). To address this organizational conflict involving the demographic factors, McDonalds management focuses on its services and products. Accordingly, McDonalds management is trained to approach each conflict with honesty and integrity (Monash University, 2009). Not only is McDonalds management keeping up with the rapid demographic changes, they are also continuing to manage conflict by remaining committed to t heir principles.This marrow that McDonalds management is committed to exceeding customers expectations in every restaurant every time (McDonalds, 2009). Fundamentally, McDonalds best practices on dealing with organizational conflict are strongly carved on its philosophy that is We will seize every opportunity to innovate and lead the industry on behalf of our customers (McDonalds, 2009). Hence, McDonalds management recognizes that their focus is every customer, regardless of age, ethnicity, sex, and location.McDonalds is an organization that understands how to motivate and reward people. Consider for instance, McDonalds has what is called People Promise. This means that McDonalds promises to value each and every employee, their growth and their contribution every day in every way (McDonalds, 2009). McDonalds managers recognize and respect each employee each employee is empowered and coached. This organizational practice is found in every McDonalds around the world, for this reaso n, McDonalds prides itself on offering more than a pay hold off to our employees.Our Crew members enjoy flexible schedules, paid training and the chance to have fun working with friends while learning valuable life skills (McDonalds, 2009). Synopsis of Arbor E&T by Eduardo Mata Arbor Education and Training (Arbor E & T) is a company with offices throughout the United States and have a very diverse workforce that demonstrates a unique demographic factor. Arbor Education and Training is a leading provider of workforce development services to job-seekers, workers, employers and communities nationwide (Arbor E & T, 2009).Arbor employees come from many different walks of life, employees of all ages, religions, and other factors and these employees are treated equally within the organization when it comes to decisions concerning rewards and performance. Founded in 1968, Arbor E&T is now the largest single supplier of job-related education, counseling and employment assistance under feder ally funded programs such as the Workforce Investment Act and the Temporary economic aid for Needy Families programs (Arbor E & T, 2009).Management planning for many of its customers receiving federally funded assistance requires that certain guidelines are followed and because of being federally funded and services provided must meet the customers requirements and expectations along with the government regulations. Arbor E & T provides services to a wide variety of customers seeking employment, education or training and also provide excellent services to migrant and seasonal farm workers and United States Veterans seeking employment and other services. Training is provided to the entire workforce in providing the best services possible to each group.Arbor management is committed to providing the leadership, training, and resources required to enable our employees to consistently adhere to regulatory requirements, to tirelessly seek improvement of our processes, and to continue to provide world-class services to all of our customers. We are dedicated and caring people who form a company providing excellent human services that enhance the lives of individuals. The company rewards its employees based on employee performance and whether their goals were met for the preceding year. As found in Arbor E & T (2009) Our goal is to be known by our clients and by the workforce development community as the leading provider of services in the markets we serve, i. e. , One-Stops, TANF, youth, early childhood education, and vocational training programs. Our quality management system is a critical element of our effort to achieve this goal. References Arbor. (2009). Arbor education and training. Retrieved October 17, 2009 from http//www. arboret. com/ Hanft, Adam. (April 1, 2005). What you can learn from starbucks. Retrieved October 13, 2009 from http//www. inc. com/resources/marketing/articles/20050401/starbucks. html.Hawkins, D. , Mothersbaugh, D. and Best, R. (2007). Th e Economist. Consumer behavior building marketing strategy. Retrieved October 13, 2009 from http//highered. mcgraw- hill. com/sites/0073101370/information_center_view0/revision_changes. html. Kellogg Company. (2009). Kellogg company. Retrieved October 17, 2009, from http//www2. kelloggs. com/General. aspx? ID=466 Kellogg Company. (2003). We act with integrity and show respect in everything we do. Retrieved from http//files. shareholder. com/downloads/K/749861120x0x196418/ ec25a03a-7081-450d- a942-16ee7ad2ee1b/GlobalCodeofEthic. df Kembell, B. (April 2002). Catching the starbucks fever starbucks marketing strategy. Missouri State University. Kottak, C. P. , Kozaitis, K. A. (2003). On being different diversity and multiculturalism in the north american mainstream. (2nd ed. ). New York The McGraw-Hill Companies. McDonalds. (2009). Our story. Online. Available http//www. mcdonalds. ca/en/aboutus/index. aspx (2009, October 16). Monash University. (2009). Briohnys report. Online. Availabl e http//www. monash. edu. au/lls/llonline/writing/business-economics/marketing/3. 3. 2. xml (2009, October 16). MMPBL/560 Demographic Factors Research Rubric calendar week 2 Criterion Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Exceptional worst Knowledge of Course Concepts (40%) Describe the Effects of DemographicDemonstrates a level of knowledgeDemonstrates a level of knowledge Demonstrates a level of knowledge that 2. 00 Factors on Management Planning. that is below the requirement that meets the requirement meets or exceeds the requirement and is well support study the Role Demographic Demonstrates a level of knowledgeDemonstrates a level of knowledge Demonstrates a level of knowledge that 1. 33 Factors Play in lend to that is below the requirement that meets the requirement meets or exceeds the requirement and is Organizational Conflict. well supported Examine the Influence of Demonstrates a level of knowledgeDemonstrates a level of knowledge Demonstrates a level o f knowledge that 1. 33 Demographic Factors on Individual that is below the requirement that meets the requirement meets or exceeds the requirement and is Rewards and Recognition. well supported Research (20%) Provide Benchmark Research on The benchmarked companies The benchmarked companies In addition to meeting the requirements of2. 0 Organizational Applications of situations do not relate to the situations relate to the course satisfactory, the benchmarked companies Course Objectives course concepts, or are not concepts and are researched from situations provide a thorough coverage of researched from academic or tradeacademic or trade publication course objectives publication sources sources. The score is ranged between satisfactory and exceptional. Critical Thinking (15%) Demonstrate Critical Thought in Does not demonstrate critical Demonstrates critical thought in In addition to meeting requirements of 1. 0 Analyzing Information thought in the a nalysis of the analyzing the information by satisfactory, synthesizes information information, or analysis is presenting various perspectives onacross concepts effectively disjointed the concepts Written Communication (15%) Demonstrate Quality and Written communication is Written communication is effectiveIn addition to meeting requirements of 2. 5 Effectiveness in Written ineffective, with numerous satisfactory, the paper is engaging to the Communication spelling and grammatical errors lecturer with concise and clear or poorly constructed sentences communication Format, Style & Citation Standards (10%) Adhere to University of Phoenix Numerous errors in format, style,Few errors in format, style, or most no errors in format, style, or 1. 25 Writing Style (APA) Requirements or reference citation reference citation reference citation Final Score== 12. 1 Team B, The overall submission was interesting and well written. The concept of management plannin g was thoroughly researched and discussed. All of the companies clearly described the organizational conflict except for Arbor and Starbucks omitted the section on research and recognition. All of the companies were demonstrated as benchmarked companies that addressed the concepts however, in some instances a piece was omitted.The score was cut under critical thought because only comparisons were addressed and not all concepts were covered. The written communication was well done and only a minor APA arrange issue was noted. Your research section as the instructors plagiarism look into noted consisted of an 13% plagiarism rate. The instructors plagiarism checker also checks past student papers, as well as a more thorough Internet search. Not everyone turned in their team military rating however, by the way it looks everyone participated equally in the group. Good work

Love: How Is It?

Amrita Sarkar English 1B 19th September 2012 Love How Is It? Life has lots of emotions happiness, sorrow, guilt, frustration, hit the hay, and so on. Love is the one emotion which brings in huge changes in our lives and a different kind of emotion begins with it. How empennage we describe it? Describing love is really hard because in e rattling phase of life, characterization of love can be varied. In childhood, through romantic films and stories, we started to get heart that love is passionate and when race will be going through it, life would be full of happiness.In adulthood, peoples perception approximately love might change. Those who are fantasizing about love certainized that it is not only about somatogenic attraction but withal about relationship, responsibilities and companionship. When ages grow, some people become optimistic about love, some become pessimistic and some of them are on a way to rediscover love. Definition of love can be changed not only with ones m aturity level but also with his/her cultural values.In Raymond tender story What We call down About When We Talk About Love the main protagonists Mel and Terri, and Jhumpa Lahiris creation dismissal Ashore soon to be married couple, Hema and Navin, had enough knowledge about love but they could not tacit fully realize it. So, they are on their ways to discover the join of love. Mel-Terrie and Hema-Navin, all four are mature persons. Individually they all previously experienced love. In What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Carver described that Mel and Terri had unsuccessful spousals in the past. Terris marriage with Ed was abusive.But Terri claimed that Ed was possessive but loving husband. As a proof, she said about Ed, He beat me up one night. He dragged me around the living room by my ankle. Even with this aggressive behavior toward her, Ed kept precept I love you, I love you, you bitch (Carver 722). On the different hand, Mel and Marjorie also had a bad marri age. After they ended their relationship, there was no disembodied spiriting left other than hatred toward each other. Mel expressed his feeling by saying, There was a time when I thought I loved my inaugural wife more than life itself. But now I hate her guts (Carver 725).In Going Ashore, Navin also went through short-term relationship in the past. But his fiance, Hema, was in a strong, long-lasting relationship with Jullian. Hema was dedicated to the relationship for a decade, but Jullian failed to give her a secure life. Hemas insecurity about her position in Jullians life and her urge for stability were the reasons to end their relationship. She declared to Jullian, Im engaged to be married (Lahiri 626). After bouldered relationship in the past, now everybody is in a new phase of life, but it seems two couples could not connect with each other.Hema and Navin, like many other Indian couples, were going to get married on their parents will. Hema was brought-up in western cultur e. She could not make her mind to marry Navin by such an old approach. She was self- contraveneed and her conflict was evident in this quotation, she refused to think of it as an arranged marriage, but knew in her heart that that was what it was (Lahiri 625). She did not bother to wear engagement ring. When people asked her about it she promptly answered, I dont have one. (Lahiri 634).Hema and Navins marriage looked as if they were with each other just for search of stability and companionship in life. protoheme was unsure about their marriage even when Navin was intentning for their honeymoon and future. Taking decisions about future are required involvement of both partners. They two were so unknown to each other that they could not read each others mind. Carver, on the other hand, described Mel as a cardiologist by occupation but he was clueless and emotionless about love. Mel and Terri were married for five years, but they had not been discovered essence of love and companio nship.Mel thought that real love was nothing less than spiritual love (Carver 722). He also considered that if something happened to his partner, then the other person, would grieve for a while, you know, but then the surviving caller would go out and love again,have someone else soon enough (Carver 725). In contrast, Terri was fantasizing about her past and wanted to convince other that her ex-marriage was also prosperous and passionate. She portrayed Eds aggression as love and said to others that, he loved me but In his own way maybe (Carver 722).It seems very strange when two people were in stick like marriage but they talked about their ex, how much they loved them, scope of future new relationship, and their blow to understand one another. These incidents indicated that how much they were detached to each other. Bonding between them was very fragile. In most relationships across the globe, one element is very familiar male restraint. The stories about these two couples were also not different. Both characters, Mel and Navin, were highly educated. They were financially stronger than their spouses and were controlling their relationships.In a party at their place with friends, when Mel said to Terri to in effect(p) shut up for once in your life, it expressed his supremacy in their marriage. Mel verbally abused Terri in front of guests, but she did not protest. In the Going Ashore, Navin was also controlling in taking mutual decisions. He was contemplating for a baby all by himself and cancelled their honeymoon plan at Goa. During those plans, he did not care to know about Hemas wishes. From portrayal of characters and incidents, we got an idea that in Mel-Terris relationship, Terri was more dependent on her spouse.She was still abused verbally by Mel. But Hema, a PhD scholar and a lecturer at Wellesley College, was more independent. She had total control over her life. Her decade-long relationship with Jullian makes her stronger. At the age thirty seven, when biological clock was ticking away, her parents wanted to see her get settled and she also wished for it. Hema belonged to Indian society where arrange marriage is very common. So, she agreed to go for her marriage by her parents choice. From Carvers description, we did not get any indication about Terris education background and muse status.Mels attitude toward her showed that her character was weaker than Hema. Jhumpa Lahiris Going Ashore portrayed its characters whose origin was in India but they were immigrants to America and adopted western culture. In India, people have different values than we find in America. Indian culture believes that person should sacrifice for relation. People in India are motivated to reform themselves to ratify relationship and to regard it lifelong. Hema and Navin were getting married by knowing each other only for few months. In between her wedding with Navin, Hema was attracted to Kausik at Rome.Their bonding was great but they did no t commit to each other because of family values. Family was very important to Hema that was why she asked her parents to find a suitable groom for her. Thus, Hemas parents constitute Navin for her and she also believed that Navin was probably a suitable guy for her too. In Indian culture, marriage is an institute which also creates bonding between two families. Hema and Navin were taking stake to know each other and to spend their lives together by getting married for the sake of their families.In contrast, Mel-Terri was started dating when Terris was still married to Ed. And Mel ended his marriage with Marjorie, despite the fact that they had two children. Their family bonding was very feeble. Mel had not even understood value of selfless love and stable relationship. When two people were deeply in love with each other, he thought this emotion was hilarious and phony. Through the representation of What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, we feel pessimistic about love but Goi ng Ashore is hopeful about new beginning.Jhumpa Lahiri and Raymond Carver also give us different views of love that changes with cultural background. In American culture, people give emphasis to their sentiments rather than family values. Lahiri shows us different angle of relationship. But both stories show us that dominance toward women is present in every part of globe and in every form of relationship. After reading these stories, we get different views of love, from which I realized that we should respect our partner and care for their thoughts.We, also, should give them equal space for healthy and better future relationship. Both the stories, What We Talk About When We Talk About Love and Going Ashore, show us new direction and help us to review our bonding with near and dear ones. Works Cited Carver, Raymond. What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. Making Literature Matter. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 721-30. Print. Lahiri, Jumpa. Going Ashore. Making Lite rature Matter. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 622-46. Print.

Rabindranath Tagore Contribution Towards Education

What are the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi in didactics? SWASTIK Historical Development of basic Edcuation Mahatma Gandhi explained the concept of base Education through a series of articles in his Harijan magazine in 1937. In the conference at Wardha after a detailed discussion about Gandhijis articles the scheme of grassroots Education took shape under the leadership of Dr. Zakir Hussain. The following four resolutions were passed. (i) Free and compulsory education should be given to all children for a period of seven years. (ii) The medium of instruction should be the mother tongue, iii) The process of education should be centred round some flesh of manual production work in the shape of a craft. (iv) This education should be self-supporting to some extent. The Central Advisory Board of Education rectify up a Committee under the Chairmanship of Sri B. G. Kher to suggest measures for implementing these resolutions. Then another Committee was appointed under the same Chairma n to recommend action set up the staple fiber Education with higher education. The recommendations of both these Committees were approved by the CABE and included in the Report on Post-war Educational Development in India.Also memorize Woman Unknown by Rabindranath TagoreIn 1944, although Govts, both at the national and state levels accepted underlying Education as the national pattern, progress in its executing was not satisfactory. Merits of Basic Education (1) Work as a central distance Since work occupies a central place in life, it had an important place in Basic Education. Dignity of labour was emphasized by him and work was made an integral part of this education. (2) A new method of teaching through with(predicate) Basic Education Gandhiji introduced a new method of teaching. This method is to teach all subjects through crafts and taken as activity-centred meant to free children from tyranny of words and cramming. 3) independent education As a corollary to craft-cent red education, it was visualized by Gandhiji that schools need be self- supporting. The carfts organized scientifically would result in more production and the sale-proceeds must realise a good income. (4) Socially sound corpse of education Basic education was sound sociologically. The then class-labour and chasm between mental and physical labour and the timbre of dependence on others were required to be removed from the society. In short, Basic education was intended to eradicate many ills of the society. 5) Training for Citizenship Basic education was providing for prepare students in democratic living and practices. It was aiming at forming positive attitudes, creating interests and appreciation, developing understanding and imparting skills in citizenship. On the whole, it was a training citizenship. Drawbacks in Basic Education (1) Selection of Crafts Since craft was occupying an important place in Basic school curriculum, selection of a suitable craft was determining the success and efficiency of Basic Education. But to the highest degree of the schools followed the trodden path or tereotyped process without bothering for the local conditions and needs. For example, in the areas where cotton was not grown and had to be brought from a long distance, weaving was introduced as a craft even in those areas. (2) The Principles of Correlation In Basic schools every subject was being taught through a craft. The principle of correlation was assay to be adopted in all subjects, but in real situation it was done as a ritual without any sincerity or seriousness. In fact, correlation was a slogan and fiction. (3) The Idealism of self-sufficiencyIt was complained that the schools cannot be made self-sufficient with the production by children. The concept of self-sufficiency was thought to be idealism and was not emphasized by most of the teachers and inspecting officers. Products by unskilled hands were not selling well and fetching adequate income. Rather Basi c Schools were more expensive than traditional schools. (4) The Principles of Equality Although Basic Education was visualized to be socially sound for removing the existing disparities, it was rather aggravating the situation.It was tending to be meant for the children of poor labourers and farmers only and children of high class families were not going to these schools. The gulf between poor and rich classes rather widened due to Basic Education. (5) Proper taste and Understanding Basic schools called for highly qualified and well-equipped teachers for properly teaching subjects through correlation and organizing crafts with efficiency. But in fact many teachers employed in such(prenominal) schools were lacking proper understanding of the Basic Education principles and desired orientation with the idealism or values impregnated in the system.Present Condition Although Basic Education face a sorry state of affairs many of its principles are still appreciated for their practical v alue and psychology as well as sociological importance. The Kothari Commission, 1964-66 endorsed a large number of its essential features like work throw, community living, community service, citizenship training, world brotherhood, social and spiritual values and integrating knowledge with experience and so no. After a lapse of more than three decades a National Education conference was convened by Shriman Narayan at Sevagram in 1972 where Basic Education was praised by many.A resolution was passed with consensus of all Education Ministers and Vice Chancellors who attended the conference, education at all levels should be imparted through socially useful and oil-bearing activity, linked with economic growth and development in both rural and urban areas. The Iswarbhai Patel Committee supported most of the principles of Basic Education with great examine on work education or socially useful productive work. The UNESCO Commission Report Learning to Be also used the term Basic Educa tion for Primary Education and laid emphasis on many forms of social and economic activities to be organized in the schools.The Basic Education system has been hailed as the ideal solution for the reform of teaching methods in Indian Schools by Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, the celebrated author of Asian Drama and as one of the most interesting and promising developments in Indian Education by Prof. Castle the renowned writer of Education for self-help. It goes without saying that India would have been a happier place at present, if the useful features of Basic Education had been given effect to with sincerity of all concerned.